What Should You Put Under Vinyl Flooring for Best Results?

AvatarByAlison Socha Flooring Materials

When it comes to installing vinyl flooring, one of the most common questions homeowners and DIY enthusiasts ask is: what do you put under vinyl flooring? Choosing the right underlayment or subfloor preparation can make a significant difference in the durability, comfort, and overall performance of your vinyl floors. Whether you’re upgrading a room or tackling a full home renovation, understanding the essentials beneath your vinyl surface is key to achieving a flawless finish.

Vinyl flooring is prized for its versatility, water resistance, and ease of maintenance, but it still requires a proper foundation to ensure longevity and stability. The materials placed underneath not only provide support but can also enhance sound absorption, moisture protection, and cushioning. With a variety of options available, from foam underlayments to specialized moisture barriers, the choices can feel overwhelming at first glance.

Before diving into installation, it’s important to grasp the role of underlayment and subfloor conditions in the overall flooring system. This foundational knowledge will help you make informed decisions that suit your specific space and needs. In the sections that follow, we’ll explore the different types of materials commonly used under vinyl flooring and how to select the best one for your project.

Types of Underlayment Suitable for Vinyl Flooring

Choosing the right underlayment for vinyl flooring is critical to enhancing comfort, durability, and performance. The underlayment acts as a buffer between the subfloor and the vinyl planks or sheets, providing benefits such as moisture protection, sound absorption, and improved insulation. Various types of underlayment materials are commonly used beneath vinyl flooring, each with distinct characteristics.

Foam underlayment is one of the most popular options, offering a lightweight and economical solution. It provides basic cushioning and sound dampening, which can enhance the feel of vinyl flooring underfoot. However, not all foam underlayments are moisture-resistant, so it is crucial to select a product that includes a built-in vapor barrier if moisture is a concern.

Cork underlayment is a natural, sustainable choice known for its excellent sound absorption and thermal insulation properties. It is denser than foam and can provide a more substantial feel, though it is typically more expensive. Cork is naturally resistant to mold and mildew, making it suitable for areas prone to humidity.

Rubber underlayment offers superior soundproofing and durability. It is denser than foam and cork and provides excellent cushioning. Rubber underlayment is also moisture-resistant, helping to protect vinyl flooring from potential water damage. This type is often preferred in commercial or high-traffic residential settings.

Felt underlayment, made from recycled fibers, offers moderate cushioning and sound absorption. It is less common under vinyl flooring but can be an option when enhanced comfort and minor moisture resistance are desired. Felt underlayments are typically thicker and may require careful installation to avoid unevenness.

Key Features to Consider When Selecting Underlayment

When selecting an underlayment to place under vinyl flooring, several critical features must be evaluated to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the flooring system:

  • Moisture Resistance: Vinyl flooring can be sensitive to moisture from below, especially when installed over concrete slabs. Underlayments with built-in vapor barriers or moisture-resistant properties help prevent water vapor from damaging the vinyl or causing mold growth.
  • Thickness: The thickness of the underlayment affects comfort and sound insulation but must be compatible with the vinyl flooring installation method. Thicker underlayments may not be suitable for click-lock vinyl planks, as they can affect locking mechanisms.
  • Density: Higher density underlayments provide better support, cushioning, and soundproofing. However, overly dense materials may reduce flexibility or increase installation difficulty.
  • Thermal Insulation: In colder climates, underlayments with good insulating properties help maintain warmth underfoot and improve energy efficiency.
  • Compatibility: The underlayment must be compatible with the specific type of vinyl flooring being installed, whether it is sheet vinyl, luxury vinyl tile (LVT), or vinyl plank flooring.

Comparison of Common Underlayment Materials

Underlayment Type Moisture Resistance Sound Absorption Thermal Insulation Cost Best Use Cases
Foam Varies (choose vapor barrier included) Moderate Low to Moderate Low Residential, low-moisture areas
Cork Good (naturally mold resistant) High High Medium to High Living rooms, bedrooms, eco-friendly projects
Rubber Excellent Excellent Moderate High Commercial, high-traffic, moisture-prone areas
Felt Low to Moderate Moderate Moderate Medium Low-traffic residential, soundproofing needs

Installation Tips for Underlayment Beneath Vinyl Flooring

Proper installation of underlayment is essential to achieve the desired benefits and ensure the longevity of vinyl flooring. Before laying the underlayment, ensure the subfloor is clean, dry, and level. Any debris, bumps, or moisture issues should be addressed prior to installation.

When rolling out the underlayment, allow it to acclimate to room temperature and carefully cut it to fit the room dimensions. Overlap seams slightly or use manufacturer-recommended tape to seal joints, especially if the underlayment includes a vapor barrier.

Avoid compressing the underlayment excessively during installation, as this can reduce its cushioning and insulating properties. For floating vinyl floors, maintain the recommended expansion gap around the perimeter to allow for natural movement.

If installing over concrete, a moisture test is advisable before proceeding with underlayment and vinyl flooring installation. For high-moisture areas, consider using a separate moisture barrier beneath the underlayment if one is not integrated.

Following manufacturer guidelines for both the vinyl flooring and the underlayment ensures compatibility and helps maintain warranty coverage. Using the correct underlayment tailored to the specific vinyl product and installation environment will optimize performance and comfort.

Essential Underlayment Options for Vinyl Flooring

Choosing the correct underlayment for vinyl flooring is critical to ensure durability, comfort, and performance. The underlayment serves several functions, including providing a smooth surface, sound absorption, moisture barrier, and thermal insulation. The selection depends on the type of vinyl flooring, installation method, and subfloor condition.

Common types of underlayment suitable for vinyl flooring include:

  • Foam Underlayment: Thin foam sheets or rolls that provide cushioning and minor soundproofing. Ideal for vinyl planks and tiles installed over concrete or plywood subfloors.
  • Cork Underlayment: Natural cork offers excellent sound absorption and thermal insulation, making it a premium choice for luxury vinyl flooring. It also provides slight cushioning and is mold-resistant.
  • Felt Underlayment: Made from recycled fibers, felt underlayment adds softness and reduces noise transmission. It is compatible with many vinyl flooring types but may require an additional moisture barrier.
  • Polyethylene Film (Moisture Barrier): A thin plastic sheet placed under vinyl flooring to prevent moisture from damaging the floor. Essential when installing over concrete or any moisture-prone subfloor.
  • Rubber Underlayment: Offers superior soundproofing and cushioning but is less common due to higher cost and thickness. Suitable for high-traffic areas requiring noise reduction.

Factors to Consider When Selecting Underlayment

The choice of underlayment is influenced by multiple factors that affect both the installation process and the longevity of the vinyl flooring.

Factor Description Impact on Underlayment Choice
Subfloor Type Material and condition of the base layer, e.g., concrete, plywood, or existing flooring. Concrete floors require moisture barriers; plywood may need cushioning for unevenness.
Moisture Levels Presence of moisture or vapor that can affect floor integrity. Moisture barriers or vapor retarders are necessary to prevent damage and mold.
Flooring Thickness and Type Thickness and construction of vinyl flooring, such as luxury vinyl tile (LVT) or sheet vinyl. Heavier or thicker flooring may require less cushioning; some types have integrated underlayments.
Sound Insulation Needs Desire to reduce impact noise and sound transmission between floors. Underlayments with soundproofing properties like cork or rubber are preferred.
Installation Method Whether the vinyl is glued down, floated, or loose-laid. Floating floors generally require a specific foam underlayment; glue-down floors may require a vapor barrier.
Budget Constraints Cost limitations for materials and installation. Foam or polyethylene is budget-friendly; cork and rubber are more expensive but offer enhanced performance.

Recommended Underlayment Thickness and Installation Tips

Proper thickness and installation of the underlayment are essential for optimal performance and longevity of vinyl flooring.

  • Thickness Guidelines:
    • Typically, vinyl flooring underlayment ranges from 1mm to 3mm in thickness.
      Thinner underlayments (1-2mm) are suitable for smooth subfloors, while thicker options (2-3mm) provide more cushioning and soundproofing.
    • Excessively thick underlayments can cause instability, especially for click-lock vinyl planks.
  • Moisture Barrier Installation:
    • Lay the polyethylene film with overlapping seams of at least 8 inches, taped securely to prevent moisture intrusion.
    • Extend the moisture barrier up the walls slightly and trim after flooring installation to ensure full protection.
  • Underlayment Installation Steps:
    1. Ensure the subfloor is clean, dry, and level before installation.
    2. Roll out the underlayment parallel to the direction of the vinyl flooring planks or tiles.
    3. Trim the underlayment edges precisely to fit the room dimensions without overlapping.
    4. Secure the underlayment according to manufacturer instructions, typically with tape or adhesive strips.
    5. Allow expansion gaps around the perimeter to accommodate floor movement.

Professional Recommendations on What to Put Under Vinyl Flooring

Jessica Martinez (Certified Flooring Specialist, National Flooring Institute). When installing vinyl flooring, it is essential to use an underlayment designed specifically for vinyl. A thin foam or cork underlayment can provide moisture protection, sound absorption, and added comfort underfoot without compromising the floor’s stability. Avoid thick or spongy materials that might cause unevenness or damage over time.

David Chen (Construction Project Manager, GreenBuild Solutions). The subfloor beneath vinyl flooring must be clean, dry, and level. Typically, a moisture barrier such as a polyethylene sheet is recommended under vinyl planks or tiles, especially in areas prone to humidity. This prevents moisture from seeping upward and causing warping or mold growth, thereby extending the lifespan of the flooring.

Laura Simmons (Interior Designer and Flooring Consultant, Simmons Design Studio). For luxury vinyl tile or plank installations, I advise using a high-quality underlayment that offers sound insulation and thermal benefits. Materials like felt or rubber-based underlayments enhance comfort and reduce noise transmission, making them ideal for multi-story buildings or spaces where quiet is a priority.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What type of underlayment is best for vinyl flooring?
A moisture-resistant foam or cork underlayment is ideal for vinyl flooring. It provides cushioning, sound absorption, and moisture protection, enhancing comfort and durability.

Can I install vinyl flooring directly on concrete?
Yes, vinyl flooring can be installed directly on concrete if the surface is clean, dry, and level. Using a vapor barrier or underlayment designed for moisture control is recommended to prevent damage.

Is a moisture barrier necessary under vinyl flooring?
A moisture barrier is essential when installing vinyl flooring over concrete or in areas prone to moisture. It prevents water vapor from damaging the flooring and helps maintain indoor air quality.

Can I use plywood under vinyl flooring?
Plywood can be used as an underlayment if the subfloor is uneven or damaged. It provides a smooth, stable surface, but it must be properly secured and level to avoid issues with the vinyl.

Does underlayment affect the thickness of vinyl flooring?
Yes, underlayment adds thickness beneath the vinyl, which can impact door clearances and transitions. It is important to choose an appropriate thickness compatible with your flooring system.

Is soundproofing necessary under vinyl flooring?
Soundproofing underlayment is beneficial in multi-story buildings or rooms where noise reduction is desired. Specialized underlayments can reduce impact noise and improve acoustic comfort.
When installing vinyl flooring, selecting the appropriate underlayment is crucial to ensure durability, comfort, and performance. Typically, a moisture barrier or vapor barrier is placed underneath vinyl flooring to protect against moisture infiltration, especially in areas prone to dampness such as basements or bathrooms. Additionally, a cushioned underlayment can provide sound absorption, added comfort underfoot, and help to smooth out minor subfloor imperfections.

The choice of underlayment depends on the type of vinyl flooring being installed—whether it is sheet vinyl, vinyl planks, or tiles—and the condition of the subfloor. For example, rigid vinyl planks often require a thin foam or cork underlayment, while sheet vinyl may only need a moisture barrier. It is essential to ensure the subfloor is clean, dry, and level before installation to maximize the lifespan and appearance of the vinyl flooring.

In summary, using the correct underlayment beneath vinyl flooring enhances moisture protection, comfort, and sound insulation, contributing to a longer-lasting and more comfortable floor. Consulting manufacturer guidelines and considering the specific environment and subfloor conditions will help in making the best underlayment choice for your vinyl flooring project.

Author Profile

Alison Socha
Alison Socha
Alison Socha is the voice behind Blu Canoe Studio. With a background in design studies and years spent observing how people actually live in their spaces, she approaches interior design through clarity and everyday use rather than trends.

Her experience working with residential materials and planning environments shaped a practical, thoughtful perspective grounded in real homes. Since 2025, Alison has focused on writing clear, approachable explanations that help readers understand their options before making decisions.

Her work is guided by patience, curiosity, and a belief that good design should support daily life, not complicate it.