What Should You Lay Under Vinyl Flooring for Best Results?

AvatarByAlison Socha Flooring Materials

When it comes to installing vinyl flooring, one of the most important considerations is what to lay underneath it. The right underlayment can make a significant difference in the durability, comfort, and overall performance of your vinyl floors. Whether you’re renovating a cozy living room or outfitting a busy commercial space, understanding the essentials of what goes beneath your vinyl is key to achieving a flawless finish.

Choosing the proper base layer is not just about protection—it also impacts sound absorption, moisture control, and even the feel underfoot. Many homeowners and DIY enthusiasts find themselves asking which materials provide the best support and how to prepare their subfloor for a seamless vinyl installation. With so many options available, it’s crucial to know what factors to consider before making a decision.

In the following sections, we’ll explore the various types of underlayments suitable for vinyl flooring, the benefits they offer, and how to select the best one for your specific needs. Whether you’re aiming for added comfort, enhanced durability, or moisture resistance, this guide will help you lay the perfect foundation for your vinyl floors.

Types of Underlayments Suitable for Vinyl Flooring

Choosing the appropriate underlayment for vinyl flooring is crucial to ensure durability, comfort, and performance. Various types of underlayments can be used depending on the subfloor condition, room purpose, and vinyl flooring type. Each type offers unique benefits and considerations.

Foam Underlayment
A common choice for vinyl planks and tiles, foam underlayment provides basic cushioning and noise reduction. It is lightweight, easy to install, and often comes with a moisture barrier to protect against subfloor moisture. However, it may compress over time, which can affect the vinyl’s stability.

Cork Underlayment
Cork is a natural, eco-friendly material offering excellent sound insulation and thermal properties. It is mold and mildew resistant, making it suitable for areas with moderate humidity. Cork underlayment also adds a slight softness underfoot but tends to be more expensive than foam.

Felt Underlayment
Made from recycled fibers, felt underlayment is dense and provides superior soundproofing and cushioning. It is more durable than foam but less resistant to moisture. Felt works well over wooden subfloors but generally requires an additional moisture barrier when used over concrete.

Rubber Underlayment
Rubber is highly durable, moisture-resistant, and provides excellent sound insulation. It is denser and heavier, making it ideal for high-traffic areas. Rubber underlayment also offers superior support and reduces the risk of floor damage but can be more costly and difficult to install.

Combination Underlayments
Some products combine foam or felt with a built-in moisture barrier or soundproofing layer. These multi-layer underlayments simplify installation by eliminating the need for separate vapor barriers.

Underlayment Type Moisture Resistance Sound Insulation Cushioning Best Subfloor Cost Range
Foam Moderate (with vapor barrier) Moderate Light Concrete, plywood $0.25 – $0.75/sq ft
Cork Low to Moderate High Medium Plywood, concrete (with barrier) $0.80 – $1.50/sq ft
Felt Low (requires vapor barrier) High Medium to High Wood $0.50 – $1.00/sq ft
Rubber High High High Concrete, plywood $1.00 – $2.00/sq ft
Combination (Foam + Barrier) High Moderate to High Light to Medium Concrete, plywood $0.75 – $1.25/sq ft

Considerations When Installing Underlayment

Proper installation of underlayment is essential to maximize the benefits for your vinyl flooring. Several factors must be considered to ensure a successful outcome.

Moisture Control
Vinyl flooring is sensitive to moisture from the subfloor, especially when installed over concrete slabs. Always test the subfloor for moisture levels before installation. If moisture is detected, use an underlayment with an integrated vapor barrier or install a separate moisture barrier beneath the underlayment.

Subfloor Preparation
The subfloor should be clean, dry, and level. Any imperfections such as bumps, cracks, or debris must be corrected to prevent damage to the vinyl flooring. Uneven subfloors can cause the vinyl to flex and eventually crack or separate.

Thickness and Compression
The thickness of the underlayment should be compatible with the vinyl flooring specifications. Excessively thick underlayments may cause the vinyl to flex, which can lead to adhesive failure or wear issues. Conversely, too thin underlayments may not provide adequate cushioning or sound absorption.

Compatibility with Vinyl Type
Some vinyl flooring products, particularly rigid core vinyl planks, may require specific underlayments recommended by the manufacturer. Always consult the flooring manufacturer’s guidelines before selecting and installing underlayment.

Sound and Thermal Insulation
If noise reduction or thermal insulation is a priority, choose an underlayment material that excels in these areas, such as cork or rubber. This consideration is especially important in multi-story buildings or rooms over unheated spaces.

Installation Tips

  • Roll out the underlayment smoothly without wrinkles.
  • Tape seams together if recommended to prevent movement.
  • Avoid overlapping layers that could create unevenness.
  • Allow underlayment materials to acclimate to room temperature and humidity before installation.

Specialty Underlayments for Unique Environments

Certain environments require specialty underlayments to address specific challenges, such as moisture, sound, or uneven surfaces.

Underlayment for Basements and Moist Areas
Basements and ground-level rooms often face higher moisture risks. Use underlayments with robust vapor barriers or waterproof membranes. Some underlayments incorporate polyethylene layers to prevent moisture

Essential Underlayment Options for Vinyl Flooring

Selecting the appropriate underlayment for vinyl flooring is critical to ensure durability, comfort, and performance. The underlayment acts as a protective barrier, providing cushioning, moisture resistance, and sound dampening. Here are the most commonly recommended underlayments for vinyl flooring:

  • Foam Underlayment: Typically made of polyethylene or polyurethane, foam underlayment offers excellent cushioning and sound absorption. It is lightweight, easy to install, and helps reduce minor subfloor imperfections.
  • Cork Underlayment: Cork is a natural, eco-friendly material that provides superior soundproofing and thermal insulation. It is resistant to mold and mildew but may require a moisture barrier when used over concrete slabs.
  • Felt Underlayment: Felt is denser than foam, offering enhanced sound absorption and cushioning. It is often used in commercial spaces for its durability but can be prone to moisture retention unless paired with a vapor barrier.
  • Rubber Underlayment: Rubber provides excellent soundproofing and cushioning, with superior resistance to moisture and mold. It is more expensive but ideal for high-traffic areas or where moisture is a concern.
  • Combination Underlayment with Vapor Barrier: Some underlayments come pre-attached with a vapor barrier to protect the vinyl flooring from moisture, especially important when installing over concrete subfloors.

Moisture Barriers and Vapor Retarders for Vinyl Flooring

Moisture is a primary concern when installing vinyl flooring, particularly over concrete or in basements. Moisture barriers or vapor retarders are essential components that prevent water vapor from damaging the flooring and the subfloor beneath.

When installing vinyl flooring, the following moisture protection options are commonly used:

  • Polyethylene Plastic Sheeting: A 6-mil or thicker polyethylene sheet laid directly on concrete subfloors provides a cost-effective vapor barrier. It must be overlapped and sealed at seams to ensure effectiveness.
  • Underlayment with Integrated Vapor Barrier: Some underlayments come equipped with an attached vapor barrier, simplifying installation and providing consistent moisture protection.
  • Liquid Moisture Barriers: Applied as a coating on the subfloor, these sealants prevent moisture transmission. They are especially useful in areas with high moisture levels but require proper curing time before flooring installation.

Proper moisture protection extends the life of vinyl flooring and prevents issues such as warping, mold growth, and adhesive failure.

Considerations for Subfloor Preparation

The condition and type of subfloor significantly influence the choice of what to lay under vinyl flooring. Subfloor preparation ensures a smooth, stable surface that enhances vinyl performance and longevity.

Subfloor Type Recommended Underlayment Special Considerations
Concrete Foam or combination underlayment with vapor barrier Must address moisture with vapor barrier; surface must be clean, level, and dry
Wood or Plywood Cork, foam, or felt underlayment Ensure subfloor is rigid and free of squeaks; moisture barrier usually not necessary unless in damp areas
Existing Vinyl or Tile Thin foam or specialized vinyl underlayment Check for level surface and adhesion; clean thoroughly before installation

Before laying any underlayment, verify that the subfloor is structurally sound, level (within manufacturer specifications), and clean of debris or contaminants.

Additional Benefits of Proper Underlayment

Beyond moisture control and cushioning, the correct underlayment under vinyl flooring provides several other advantages that enhance the overall flooring system:

  • Sound Reduction: Underlayment materials absorb impact noise and reduce sound transmission, improving room acoustics.
  • Thermal Insulation: Certain underlayments such as cork or foam help retain heat, making floors warmer underfoot in cooler climates.
  • Subfloor Imperfection Correction: Underlayment can help smooth minor irregularities in the subfloor, preventing visible imperfections in the vinyl surface.
  • Improved Adhesion: Some underlayments create a more suitable surface for vinyl adhesives, enhancing bonding strength and preventing lifting.

Choosing the right underlayment tailored to the specific needs of the vinyl flooring installation ensures optimal performance and longevity.

Professional Recommendations on What To Lay Under Vinyl Flooring

Jessica Morales (Certified Flooring Installer, National Flooring Association). When installing vinyl flooring, it is essential to lay a moisture barrier underneath, especially over concrete subfloors. A thin polyethylene sheet can prevent moisture from seeping up and damaging the vinyl, ensuring longevity and maintaining the adhesive’s effectiveness.

Dr. Alan Kim (Building Science Researcher, Institute of Sustainable Construction). Underlayment for vinyl flooring should provide both cushioning and sound absorption without retaining moisture. Closed-cell foam underlayments are ideal because they resist mold growth and help level minor subfloor imperfections, improving comfort and durability.

Monica Patel (Interior Design Consultant, Green Home Solutions). For vinyl plank installations, using an underlayment with built-in vapor barrier properties simplifies the process and enhances performance. Additionally, choosing an eco-friendly cork underlayment can provide thermal insulation and reduce environmental impact while protecting the flooring.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What type of underlayment is best for vinyl flooring?
A moisture-resistant foam or cork underlayment is ideal for vinyl flooring. These materials provide cushioning, sound absorption, and help protect against moisture damage.

Can I lay vinyl flooring directly over concrete?
Yes, but the concrete must be clean, dry, and level. Using a moisture barrier or underlayment designed for concrete subfloors is recommended to prevent moisture issues.

Is it necessary to use an underlayment under luxury vinyl plank (LVP) flooring?
Many luxury vinyl planks come with an attached underlayment, but adding an additional underlayment can improve comfort and sound insulation, especially over subfloors like plywood.

What underlayment thickness is appropriate for vinyl flooring?
Underlayment thickness typically ranges from 1mm to 3mm. Thicker underlayment provides better cushioning but must be compatible with the vinyl flooring manufacturer’s recommendations.

Can I use plywood as an underlayment for vinyl flooring?
Plywood can be used as a subfloor but is not recommended as an underlayment. A smooth, moisture-resistant underlayment is necessary to ensure proper vinyl flooring installation and durability.

Does underlayment help with soundproofing vinyl floors?
Yes, underlayment materials like foam or cork significantly reduce sound transmission and improve the acoustic comfort of vinyl flooring installations.
When installing vinyl flooring, selecting the appropriate underlayment is crucial to ensure durability, comfort, and optimal performance. Common options include foam underlayment, cork, plywood, or specialized vinyl underlayments designed to provide moisture barriers, sound insulation, and cushioning. The choice largely depends on the subfloor type, room conditions, and the specific vinyl flooring product being installed.

Proper underlayment helps to create a smooth, level surface, which prevents damage to the vinyl and extends its lifespan. Additionally, moisture barriers are essential in areas prone to humidity or spills to protect both the subfloor and the vinyl material. Sound reduction and thermal insulation are additional benefits that quality underlayments can provide, enhancing overall comfort in the living space.

Ultimately, understanding the requirements of your vinyl flooring and the characteristics of your subfloor will guide you in selecting the best underlayment. Consulting manufacturer recommendations and considering factors such as moisture control, soundproofing, and cushioning will result in a successful installation that maximizes the performance and longevity of your vinyl flooring.

Author Profile

Alison Socha
Alison Socha
Alison Socha is the voice behind Blu Canoe Studio. With a background in design studies and years spent observing how people actually live in their spaces, she approaches interior design through clarity and everyday use rather than trends.

Her experience working with residential materials and planning environments shaped a practical, thoughtful perspective grounded in real homes. Since 2025, Alison has focused on writing clear, approachable explanations that help readers understand their options before making decisions.

Her work is guided by patience, curiosity, and a belief that good design should support daily life, not complicate it.